An early development leading to the establishment of blood banks occurred in 1915, when Richard Lewison of Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City initiated the use of sodium citrate as an anticoagulant. This discovery transformed the blood transfusion procedure from direct to indirect. In the same year, Richard Weil demonstrated the feasibility of refrigerated storage of anticoagulated blood. The introduction of a citrate-glucose solution by Francis Peyton Rous and JR Turner two years later permitted storage of blood in containers for several days, thus opening the way for the first "blood depot" established in Britain during World War I. Charles R. Drew researched in the field of blood transfusions, developing improved techniques for blood storage, and applied his expert knowledge in developing large-scale blood banks early in World War II. Oswald Hope Robertson, a medical researcher and U.S. Army officer who established the depots, is now recognized as the creator of the first blood bank. The University of Louisville is also credited for the Blood Bank.
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